例谈七选五阅读新题型的解题策略

                              南平市第一中学   郭超

摘 要：七选五阅读是全国英语高考试卷的一种题型，对于刚接触这种新题型的福建考生来说是比较容易失分的一道题。本文旨在帮助考生理清思路、提高七选五阅读的解题能力，从宏观和微观两个角度，结合具体实例简要介绍七选五阅读新题型的解题策略。

关键词：七选五阅读   解题策略   宏观角度   微观角度   

从2016年起，我们福建省高考采用全国高考卷，全国英语高考试卷与之前的福建卷英语高考卷存在一些差异，其中阅读题中出现了七选五阅读新题型，试题模式为：给出一篇250-300字之间的文章，其中缺少5个句子，对应有七个选项，要求学生根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，并将正确的选项填入相应的空白处。由于学生刚接触这种新题型，不熟悉该题型的解题方法，加之题中的多个选项容易混淆学生的思维，导致学生因错选而失分。该题分值比重不小，满分10分，每空2分，所以掌握正确的解题技巧减少失分尤为重要。针对七选五阅读的特点，笔者认为可以从宏观角度和微观角度两大步奏来解题。

一、 从宏观角度理解

不少学生在处理七选五阅读时并没有了解文章大意就直接逐字逐句的分析文章。这种解题方式不仅常领学生把宝贵的时间浪费在某个选项的推敲中，而且失分率更高。笔者认为解题时，应先从宏观角度理解文章，即：先快速地阅读七个选项，然后通览全文，从而在整体上初步把握文章的大意和结构，为下一步的微观角度分析奠定基础。

二、 从微观角度分析

微观角度分析就得字斟句酌了。我们可以依据挖空句子出现的位置和它与前后文之间的关系来解题。下面笔者将从两大方面来分析。

1.  出现在段首或段末的句子以及出现在段落上方的标题。

这类句子通常为文章中心句或段落中心句。其概括性强，可以通过后文的细节总结得出。例如下面这篇文章的71题，正确答案D选项说到很多人喜欢观看别人运动。这个中心句将后文的买票看球和通过电视看球概括的很到位。再如72题的后文列举足球、游泳和滑冰等运动在世界各地深受大家的喜爱，只有F选项“世界各地的人们都在参与有趣的运动”能够概括该段落大意。

例1：All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports help to keep people healthy and happy, and to live longer.
      71  They buy tickets or turn on their TVs to watch the games. Often they get very excited when their player or team wins.
      72  Football, for example, has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers. What fun it is to jump into a pool or lake, whether in China, Egypt or Italy!  73  Think how many lovers to skate or ski in Japan, Norway or Canada.
A. And think of people in cold countries.
B. Sports help to train a person’s character.
C. Not a few people participate in different sports competitions themselves.
D. Many people like to watch others play games.
E. People aren’t inventing new sports or games.
F. Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere take part in them.
G. People are inventing new sports or games all the time.

再如例2中的71题，该题为段落上方的小标题，很明显正确答案应该是归纳段落大意的句子。根据段落内容提示：家是孩子学习的好地方，所以为孩子提供一个能阅读、写信的学习园地很重要。七个选项中D选项“建立一个良好的家庭学习环境”能很好的概括该段内容。

例2：●   71  

Home can be a great place for children to study. It’s important to provide a workspace of their own where they can read books or just write a letter to their friends.
A. Attitude Is Everything
B. Bring Organization into Your Home
C. Here are several ways to choose a location.
D. Building a Good Home Learning Environment.
E. Hold a can-do attitude and your child will follow your example.
F. Setting up a space in a common area of your home can be a good idea for children.
G. A child who learns to organize his space will carry organization into every corner of his life.

2. 出现在段落之中。

大多情况下，出现在该位置的句子与前后文存在并列、转折、因果、总结与例证等逻辑关系。这种情况比较复杂,难度较大，需细读前后文来考虑它与前后句之间存在哪些逻辑关系，而判断句子间关系的有效方法除了分析前后文内容，还可注意各种不同的关联词。以下是几种常用的关联词。

(1)总结与例证：generally speaking, in a/one word, in short, in brief, in conclusion, on the whole, taking everything into consideration, for example, for instance, such as, take…as example, namely, let me put it this way;

(2)转折让步：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, unlike, rather than, instead of, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of;

(3)并列与递进：and, or, also，as well as, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition to, apart from, what is more, similarly, in the same way, neither…nor…;

(4)因果：because, for, since, as, thus, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, as a result of , because of, in that;

(5)时间顺序：at first, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，to begin with, in the mean time, meanwhile, later, next, afterwards, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, last, at last, finally,以及一些具体的时间。

下面是几个具体实例分析。

(1)总结与例证关系。

例3中74题的前后文举例basketball和volleyball是相当新的一项运动，而water-skiing又是最新发明的运动之一。正确答案G选项“人们一直在发明新的运动”将这几个例子总结的很到位，同时又与第一句“某些运动历史悠久”形成对比。再如75题的正确答案B选项提到运动能帮助培养塑造一个人的性格，后文用例子“运动能让人学会努力拼搏，公平竞争，赢得光荣，输得优雅” 来证明这一点。
    例3：Some sports or game go back thousands of years, like running or jumping. Chinese wushu, for example, has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new. Neither one is a hundred years old yet.  74  Water-skiing is one of the newest in the family of sports.
 People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game together they often become good friends.  75  One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win with pride and to lose with grace.
A. And think of people in cold countries.
B. Sports help to train a person’s character.
C. Not a few people participate in different sports competitions themselves.
D. Many people like to watch others play games.
E. People aren’t inventing new sports or games.
F. Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere take part in them.
G. People are inventing new sports or games all the time.

(2)转折关系。

例4中75题前文提到大学篮球运动员是没有薪水的，他们比赛更多是为了学校和自身的荣誉，表明比赛与金钱无关。但是75题横线的后文笔锋一转介绍了比赛中的赌博投资和比赛所带来的广告收益。很明显，75题的前后文属于转折关系，所以正确答案为C选项“但是该比赛并不意味着没有涉及金钱”。

例4：College basketball players are not paid, so the game is more about making a name for their university and themselves.   75  About $4 billion will be spent gambling on the event. According to Media Life magazine, the event will bring in $500 million in advertising income this year, topping the post-season income of every US professional league, including that of the NBA.
A. Husbands against wives.
B. The players will go all out for the games.
C. But that doesn’t mean money isn’t involved.
D. College students will ignore piles of homework.
E. People are willing to spend more money on watching it.
F. It begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April.
G. Many people had never even heard of the university before the tournament.

(3)并列关系。

例5中段落的中心句是亚洲有很多地方供人们去教英语。后文就举例去韩国教英语的人最多，因为那里薪水高，待遇好。七个选项中只有 E选项提到日本也是一个教英语的好去处，与前文的“去韩国教英语”属于并列关系。

例5：In Asia, there are many places for people to go to teach English. Most of the teachers are young and sociable, and there are a lot of parties there. Korea is usually the place most people go to, because they have the most benefits and highest salaries by working only twenty hours a week.   71   Only if you stay there for a long time will you save some money.

A. Europe has a lot to offer.
B. It is a great way for people to see a new place.
C. Teaching English overseas is a really rewarding experience.
D. Like Japan, the pay is quite good, but the cost of living is much cheaper.
E. Japan is also a good choice, but the cost of living eats up a lot of your money.
F. However, you must be a certified teacher with years of experience if you want to teach there.
G. Fashion industry in Milan would love to hire well-known English-speaking people to work with international models and designers.

(4)因果关系。

例6中71题横线的前文提到最近的一项调查反映英国500位企业家中有百份之70的人认为他们的努力不被认可，觉得英国人对成功有敌意。这是一个充满嫉妒的国家。所以很自然地得出调查结果“企业家是不受欢迎的、多余的、易被误解的”。正确选项C与前文形成因果关系。

例6：At least one group of people believes that it can. A recent survey of the top 500 entrepreneurs (企业家) in the UK found that 70% felt that their efforts were not appreciated by the British public. Britain is hostile (敌意的) to success, they said. It has a culture of jealousy.  71  Jealousy is sometimes known as the “green – eyed monster” and the UK is its home.

A. This seems to prove that the entrepreneurs were right to complain.

B. The one who owns most money in the end is the winner.

C. As a result, the survey said, entrepreneurs were “unloved, unwanted and misunderstood.”

D. it is not true that British people are born jealous of others’ success.

E. Some were given a little, others a great deal.

F. But instead of being happy they complain that nobody loves them.

G. Perhaps it is the entrepreneurs who are the problem.

(5) 注意代词、数字或重复出现的关联词。

有时候，挖空的句子与前后文没有明显的逻辑关系，我们可以寻找前后文存在的代词来挖掘句与句之间的联系。例如下面这篇文章71题的后文出现 this date和festival，通过这个线索我们可以轻松地从七个选项中找出前文被date和festival指代的是Christmas Day,所以正确答案为C选项。

例7：  71  This date was the old mid-winter festival in pre-Christmas times, around the time of the longest night and the shortest day. Christmas in the 21st century has many traditions: Christmas trees, cards and presents. Shops can make about 60 percent f their year’s income in the three months before Christmas, so most shops get ready for it in October.  72  The first time this happened was in 1867 when Macy’s famous shop in New York, stayed open until midnight on Christmas eve.
A. This tradition was started by the Germans as early as 700 AD.
B. Believe it or not.
C. Since about 400 AD, Christmas Day has been celebrated.
D. Others feel it is a magical and exciting time.
E. The shopping centers are beautifully decorated and stay open late at night.
F. It was really beautiful indeed.
G. By tradition, he brings the toys to children at night, on the night before Christmas.

再如下面例7中的74题，前后文重复出现吸管straw这个关键词，所以我们可以把范围锁定在D和F选项，挖空的前文提到“把吸管插入瓶盖的洞中”，F选项紧接着解释“用蜡将吸管插入洞的地方黏住”，所以正确答案为F。

例8：First, take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap; fill the bottle with colored water. Tap a hole in the center of the cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw(吸管) through the nail hole.

74   .Finally, place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the water lever easily.

A. We use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other things in our daily lives.

B. Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same way when they are heated or cooled.

C. Now that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work.

D. The water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water will expand and rise even higher.

E. They label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.

F. Take wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt some of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal (把……粘住) them together.

G. People use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world.

最后，当五个横线任务都完成，我们需重新通读全文，检查内容是否连贯通顺。

以上便是七选五阅读解题策略的介绍，如要熟练掌握该题型的解题技巧，还需我们课后多练习多反思，熟能生巧必能取得进步。

参考文献：

【1】   欧阳枝.高考英语阅读填空七选五高效备考策略【C】. 南平市教育学会中学外语分会第十三届学术年会论文集， 2015 : 83-87

附件一： 

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本人保证此次提交参加2016年南平市中小学英语优秀教学论文评选活动的论文系原创作品，其内容没有任何违法抄袭、剽窃他人作品之处。若文章因行文需要，有引用他人观点和言语的地方，也均已注明其出处。本人提交的参赛论文没有侵犯其他任何人或法律实体的知识产权。 

特此承诺！ 

承诺人（签字）： 郭超

                              2016 年  12 月 2 日